Environmental Crisis - 1553 Words

Environmental Crisis We Have An Environmental Crisis Because We Have A People Crisis - A Crisis of Population Growth, of Wasteful Consumption of Resources, and A Crisis of Apathy and Inaction. An environmental crisis is an emergency concerned with the place in which every human lives - the environment. A people crisis is an emergency with the community that inhabits the world environment. A crisis of population growth is a turning point where the environment can no longer sustain the amounts of people which it contains. A crisis of apathy and inaction is one where the human race cannot be motivated to solve the problems with the environment that they themselves have created. The claim that we have an environmental crisis because we†¦show more content†¦Exhortations, campaigns, financial and material incentives, and numerous other sanctions were used to implement the policies. All these efforts were, at first, to redirect young couples to have fewer offspring and, later, to heed the one-child-per-couple, or minimal reproduction, policy. The purpose of this call for minimal reproduction was to keep the population from exceeding 1.2 billion by the year 2000. The scheme has proved problematic inside the country and controversial abroad for practical, political, ethical, and religious reasons. The massive gain in population in recent decades has intensified old difficulties in the countrys effort to raise living standards, and has ignited new economic, environmental, and social concerns within the nations borders. The major issues range from Chinas population carrying capacity, unemployment and underemployment in the countryside, surging urbanisation, and spreading air and water pollution to mass illiteracy and education in relation to development. SDI itself has added such new concerns as the effect of son preference on female infanticide and the sex ratio, the impact of a fast fertility reduction on population aging, and the implications of exempting the countrys 55 minority groups from the nations fertility control measures. The global significance of Chinas demographics is likewise enormous. Whatever the size of Chinas population is at the dawn of the 21st century it is certain to account forShow MoreRelatedThe Environmental Crisis Of Kenya And The United Nations Framework On Environmental Change1453 Words   |  6 Pages The environmental crisis is the biggest crisis of our time, climate change, scarcity of fresh water and bio diversity loss are just a few of the problems caused by the environmental crisis. National and international organizations try combat the dire effects of the environmental crisis like The Green Belt Movement in Kenya and The United Nations framework on Environmental Change, they create initiatives like sustainable development but they have not succeeded. My essay will introduceRead MoreThe Environmental Issues Of California Water Crisis1491 Words   |  6 PagesAfter 4 years of intensive drought, California declared a state of emergency in January 2015 and Ca lifornia water crisis has been one of the biggest environmental issues in America (US. Geological Survey, 2015). On April 1, 2015, the governor of California, Jerry Brown, visited Sierra Nevada to measure the amount of snowpack, which has been done annually, and a formidable result came out. The measurement of snowpack of Sierra Nevada of this year met only 5 percent of the April 1 average. AccordingRead MoreThe Environmental Crisis Of The Republican Party979 Words   |  4 PagesAlthough many prominent politicians within the Republican Party continue to deny its’ existence, Climate Change is real. Irrefutable scientific evidence proves the earth is facing a serious environmental crisis, and the American public is taking notice. According to the EPA, 61% of Americans recognize the current status of the environment as an issue and believe action must be taken. Take action by voicing your disapproval for HR 5078, which passed in the House this past week. Encourage the SenateRe ad MoreEnvironmental Impact On The Environmental Crisis1675 Words   |  7 Pages1.1.3 Ecological Design: The evident response to the environmental crisis One natural response to the current crisis and the shift in designers’ discourse has been the engagement in Ecological Design, or Eco-design, described by Orr (2002) as a large concept that joins science and the practical arts with ethics, politics, and economics that, requires â€Å"not just a set of generic design skills but rather the collective intelligence of a community of people applied to particular problems in a particularRead MoreIn An Increasingly Threatening Environmental Crisis, Zoos1752 Words   |  8 PagesIn an increasingly threatening environmental crisis, zoos are participating in the conservation of species. The biodiversity of the animal and plant worlds is being deeply affected, on the one hand by the disruption of ecosystems caused mainly by climate change and deforestation, and on the other hand, by the globalization of trade, travel, transport, and tourism. These two factors are increasingly reducing animals’ habitats and endangering many speci es (Keulartz 336). The evolution of the preservationRead MoreEnvironment vs. Economy: Is There an Environmental Crisis? Essay1268 Words   |  6 PagesEnvironment vs. Economy Is there an environmental crisis? Is there an environmental crisis? Expert opinions vary. The Wingspread Conference Center in January of 1998 came to this conclusion: â€Å"We believe there is compelling evidence that damage to humans and the worldwide environment is of such magnitude and seriousness, that new principles for conducting human activities are necessary.† The need for environmental peace is at a greater demand than it used to be. Extremist, Peter Rossi, believesRead MoreA Report On The Environmental Crisis Of The Rainforest Fund1208 Words   |  5 Pagescider that would lessen the environmental impact that other ciders put into the world. As an extension of this idea, we wanted to make a vow to buy our alcoholic beverages in bulk sizes whenever the opportunity was presented, and lessen the amount we drank. This venture was more of a side project as we knew that the cider might turn out horribly or we could make a potential mistake, along with this we would donate the money from our cans to a cause that provides environmental stability in the RainforestRead MoreEnergy Crisis and Environmental Pollution Essay example1488 Words   |  6 PagesEnergy crisis and environmental pollution are highlighted to be one of the major global problems in the 21st century. For the past 200 years, human society has had a ravenous appetite for fossil fuels. The huge increase in human population and also the industrial revolution were the major sources of fossil fuel consumption. However it is becoming obvious that our dependence on fossil fuels is causing many problems that we are going to have to address. Therefore, our greatest challenge is to findRead More Our Attempts to Control the Natural World and the Environmental Crisis1357 Words   |  6 PagesControl the Natural World and the Environmental Crisis    As reports of ecological degradation increase around the world, human concern about environmental issues is also heightening. Scientists, philosophers and others have all begun the process of determining the causes of the environmental crisis and trying to sort out how to fix these problems. In this essay, I would like to examine two of the most widely expounded philosophies on the cause of environmental degradation in the Western hemisphereRead MoreEcological Crisis Has Been Associated With The Environmental Pollution1307 Words   |  6 Pagestheir immediate environment. Therefore, ecological crisis has been considered as the misunderstanding that exists between the environment and living organism particularly, the human race. The major ecological crisis has been associated with the environmental pollution (Westra 122). Notably, race and ethnicity have been considered to be significant contributing factors to the ecological crisis than the economic income and class. Ecological crisis has since led to racism particularly in regions occupied

Essay about The Fall of the Kuomintang to the Chinese...

In 1949 the Chinese Communist Party (CPP) beat the Kuomintang (KMT) in the Chinese Civil War becoming the reigning regime in China. The new communist leadership drastically changed China’s future. Today the CCP remains in power in China, shaping every aspect of Chinese society. Academics like Chalmers Johnson argue that the CCP’s ability to mobilize Chinese peasants ultimately led to the CCP’s victory. This paper will supplement Johnson’s argument by examining how KMT economic, military, and ideological missteps led to the CCP’s victory. The Chinese Civil War started in 1927 when the KMT ended their partnership with the CCP during the Northern Expedition, an effort aimed at unifying all of China under one political rule. The war ended†¦show more content†¦Because the CCP had no contractual obligation to Chinese citizens, the CCP was able gain support from economic successes and go unnoticed in the case of economic failures. Therefore, being in power going into the war was actually a disadvantage for the KMT. China’s deteriorating economy during the war and the KMT’s poor economic planning began to unravel Chinese citizens’ trust and faith in the KMT’s ability to govern. The KMT’s most damaging economic misstep was inflation and the government’s inability to respond with policy measures. During the Second Sino-Japanese War, the KMT was cut off from coastal cities by the Japanese invaders. These coastal city taxes were a main source of revenue for the KMT government. In order to makeup for the deficit, the government began to print money. The KMT faced a lot of criticism from the Chinese people for rising inflation. The Chinese people’s disdain for their government grew even more when the KMT was unable to fix their inflation mistake and began to implement a string of ineffective and damaging economic policies. In order to combat the rising inflation, the KMT implemented multiple contradictory and ineffective economic policies. For example, the KMT oscillated between expansion and suspension of credit. The KMT also continued to implement a tax system that discouraged the starting of businesses, while encouraging corrupt behavior. Additionally, the KMT’s economic policies focused on giving advantages toShow MoreRelatedChinese Civil War : The Wuchang Uprising1649 Words   |  7 PagesDynasty s fall in 1911 (Szczepanski; Wuchang). Soon after, the Kuomintang (Chinese Nationalist Party), under the leadership of Sun Yat-sen, establish ed the Republic of China, but it did not stop the centralized political power in China from becoming dismantled and fragmented into many warlord factions fighting to gain control of the country (Overview). Another political party, the Chinese Communist Party, formed in attempts to reunify China as well (Chinese Civil). At first, the Kuomintang and theRead MoreGovernmental Systems of China1593 Words   |  6 PagesThe country of China throughout the last century has experienced a large and significant variety of governmental systems, from historical to contemporary. From the Manchu Empire which focused on Confucianism to the current Communist Party of the People’s Republic of China, the government of China has changed drastically throughout the years, ultimately contributing to the country that China is today. It is significant to understand that the changes made in the governmental system were so drasticRead MoreThe Second Sino-Japanese War1041 Words   |  4 Pagesthe co ntrol of said materials and most importantly, land. Before this, China was mainly concerned with the civil war (which was on and off until 1950, years after the Second Sino-Japanese war) between nationalists (Kuomintang party lead by Chiang Kai-Shek) and communists (Communist Party of China lead by Mao Zedong). This war also served as an introduction to the Pacific end of World War II. This conflict began on behalf of the Japanese occupying northern China, more specifically, Manchuria. ThisRead MoreChin A Long And Painful Past2404 Words   |  10 Pagespainful past. In 1927, only sixteen years after the fall of the Qing Dynasty, Civil war broke out between the Kuomintang (nationalists) and the Communist parties of China. In 1931, Mao Zedong was elected as Chairmen of the Soviets Republic of China. During the span of five years, Nationalist leader Chiang Kai-Shek launched four Blockades against Mao. The majority of these blockades were unsuccessful because â€Å"Under the leadership of Mao, the Communists employed guerrilla tactics to successfully resistRead MoreAnalysis Of The Poem Grandmother 2373 Words   |  10 Pagesfeet are a tradition in Chinese women. The warlord, who the grandmother is married to, buys her a house with servants. She hated being a concubine. One of the warlords’ wives invited her to the Warlords funeral and she declined. I think this chapter is outlining Chinese culture. Also its giving us some background knowledge of the family. Chinese women had little opportunities to think for themselves. They live in a worl d set towards there future. Chapter 2: Dr. Xia falls in love with grandmotherRead MoreBook Review Wild Swans3272 Words   |  14 Pageswoman in her family. Beginning in the year 1909 and ending in present time, it gives an insight into almost eighty years of the cultural history of China. Jung Chang has said in a interview that her intention in writing Wild Swans was to show how the Chinese people, and in particular the women in her family, fought tenaciously and courageously against impossible odds. The book is a testimony to the strength and determination of her grandmother, her mother, and herself and their resourcefulness in recreatingRead MoreEssay about Karl Marxs Communist Manifesto1353 Words   |  6 PagesKarl Marxs Communist Manifesto Faith and Reason Communism can seem very desirable. â€Å"It argued a world without war, in which the meek and the disadvantaged would share without distinction, the anticipated material and spiritual abundance generated by advanced.†(Gregor 19) This seems as though it would be the ideal form of government but in reality it is far from that. I will tell you about three of the most powerful communist countries of the twentieth century. The countriesRead MoreBackground Briefing Paper Of Jiang Yingwen1829 Words   |  8 Pagesfoundations of Chinese culture, this paper contains information about the life and brief of Jiang yingwen, the protagonist in the novel. This is a story about his effort to establish a new form of artistic expression in a century of change and transformation. Abstract The novel will be centered around the artist, Jiang yingwen, who brought revolutionary change to China’s art culture. Throughout his life, he analyzed and incorporated western/modern methods into traditional Chinese artwork. He attemptedRead MoreChina Has Been A Communist Country1534 Words   |  7 PagesChina has been a communist country. Despite persistent debate over an extended period of time, the question whether which Chinese government is the most responsive to its people has never been permanently settled. However, I dare to claim that Qing Dynasty was the most open and receptive to its people among several Chinese governments. Some people might contend that Republic of China, Warlords, and Chinese Communist Party were the most responsive to its people. However, a close examination throughoutRead MoreChinese Revolution Of 1911 Essay1743 Words   |  7 PagesImperial system, but under the iron grip of communism. While the Chinese Communist Revolution is the most well known, in order to more clearly understand the series of events that took place and their causes, one must go deeper. The conditions that made the communist revolution possible were set up in the in the prior revolution and beyond. Leading to Revolution The Chinese Revolution of 1911 is arguably more important than the Communist Revolution because it did more to change the structure of China

The Skipper in the Canterbury Tales Free Essays

The Skipper The appearance and behavior of a character are extremely important. Whether it is in a movie or in literature physical description can say a lot. In the Canterbury Tales, the skipper had brown tanned skin and was the stout, fearless type. We will write a custom essay sample on The Skipper in the Canterbury Tales or any similar topic only for you Order Now He was not one to be fooled with. He, in fact, was a tough and smart sailor. To cast his role today, a great choice would be Johnny Depp. The Skipper’s physical traits are brief, but say a lot. He wears a woolen gown that reaches his knees, has brown tanned skin, and most importantly has a dagger on a lanyard hanging from around his neck. The reason why the dagger is so important is because it shows that he is tough and fearless. It is almost like a symbol of power. The picture created is of a stout, strong, tough man. Johnny Depp is the first person to come to mind perhaps because of his history with the Pirates of the Caribbean movie series and his brown tanned skin. Behavior speaks louder than appearance in most cases. The skipper’s behavior was unmerciful. He gave no mercy to the loser’s of fights and immediately made them walk the plank. In Chaucer’s words, he ignored the nicer rules of conscience. In spite of this, the skipper is very smart and a great navigator, which gives the reader the sense that he is also a leader. Johnny Depp has a history of playing roles that blend toughness, intelligence, and leadership which would make him ideal for this role. The characteristics of appearance and behavior reveal many pros and cons about the skipper. Although he was unmerciful, he was smart. Despite being unkind, he was a good leader. I personally believe that he would have been a good mentor as long as one could get on his good side. In modern times he reminds me of the actor I chose to play him, Johnny Depp. I think Chaucer wanted us to know exactly what I just explained. The skipper was a tough, unkind man, but he was very smart and was a great leader. How to cite The Skipper in the Canterbury Tales, Papers

Reflections on Customer Based Brand Equity †MyAssignmenthelp.com

Question: Discuss about the Reflections on Customer Based Brand Equity. Answer: Introduction: Strong brand position is the desire of every organization. There is numerous aspects influence the potency of a particular brand or product. To recognize these aspects, it is required for the company or organization to know about the procedure for launching the product. Keller's Brand Equity Model is also known as the Customer-Based Brand Equity (CBBE) Model. The expansion of CBBE was driven by majorly three aims. The concept of this model is to generate the strongest brand in which company can get to know that how will customer feel and think about product. Latrobe university campus brand is the well known university that would carry the education to the northern suburbs of Melbourne (LaTrobe University, 2017). There are four steps of brand building that is considered as the brand building block. Brand identity, brand meaning, brand responses and brand relationship are the major component of the brand building as per the CBBE Model. Each step of this model is reliant upon the flourishing achievement of the earlier step. All steps of model include achieving definite purpose with customers both existing and potential. Brand identity Obtaining the correct brand identity include creating brand salience. It refers to various customer awareness of brand. Brand consciousness relates to the ability of the client to recall and recognize a brand. Brand awareness is above than a fact that consumers know a name of brand. Brand awareness can be separated into two terms such as intensity and width. Intensity of awareness of brand shows the recognition and recalling of products by customer. width of the brand awareness refers to the array of situation of consumption and purchase in which brand takes place in the mind of customer. Latrobe University needs to maintain the brand identity in the view of students. By providing efficient services to the students, it would be able for it to make aware them about the brand identity and its features before choosing any other university. width is an frequently abandoned reflection for brands. The major question many brand is, when do they think of the brand rather than where do they t hink of the brand? To enhance the brand salience in those settings can be attractive refers to drive consumption and amplify the volume of sales (Huang and Cai, 2015). For instance, Latrobe university campus should provide the efficient services regarding courses to the student so that they think about the university on prior basis when they think about further studies. It is an important element of building brand equity which includes establishing a brand image. Brand meaning can be divided into various terms such as performance related consideration, functional and imagery related consideration (Keller, 2016). Thus, brand meaning can be defined into two key terms such as brand performance and brand imagery. The product is considered as the heart of brand equity because it has the prior effect of what customer understanding with a brand and what the decision can say customers about the brand in their conversation. It is important for the university to meet at least the customer experience with the product. Brand presentation refers to the way in which the service or product able to meet the purposeful need of customers. Customers are free to analyze the presentation of product or service in a wide manner. Reliability defines the consistency of performance over time. Durability explains the expected economic life of the project. Serviceability refers to the compatibility of servicing the product. Thus, speed, accuracy and care all major factors which impact the performance of the product. Brand imagery Brand imagery is liable to deal with the extrinsic properties which are able to meet the social and psychological needs of customer. Brand imagery relate to more insubstantial factors of the brand. It involves the kind of a person or organization who uses the brand and they categorized as per psycho-graphic and demographic factors. The Purchase and uses situation comes under the second set of association which defines the brand should be brought and used. It would be challengeable position for the university to create strong, unit association but it is vital to build CBBE (ifci, Ekinci, Whyatt, Japutra, Molinillo, and Siala, 2016). University can define itself to provide the efficient services of courses to the student which should be on reliable basis. Brand response defines the behaviour and attitude of the customer towards the activity of the product and services. La Trobe University is the well known university that is why sue to its best education and various courses are able to attract the student towards it. Brand judgment includes personal opinion and evaluation of the customer regard to the brand. Customers are able to make various kind of judgment regarding the brand. There are 4 types of brand judgment are considered to create a strong brand, such as brand quality, brand consideration, brand credibility and brand superiority. Although there are various kind of response from customer are likely, eventually what matters is how positive these responses are. The responses of student of La Trobe University can enhance the interest of others effectively. It is essential that they are willingly from to mind while thinking about the brand. The judgment and feelings of brand can effectively influence the behaviour of consumer only if customers thing affirmative response in the encounters with the brand (Bianchi, Pike, and Lings, 2014). It is a last step of the CBBE model which focus upon the effective relationship and level of recognition that the customer has with the brand. Brand resonance can be distinguished into 4 groups that is behavioral devotion, attitudinal attachment, send of community and active engagement. Behavioral devotion defines the attitude of customer of repeating purchases and the amount in the category of volume attributed to the brand. Attitudinal attachment defines the love of customer for the product and services which is simply having an affirmative attitude to show the brand as being something is special in a wider context. The clients of university if happy with the services of La Trobe university, it will be helpful for increasing the demand of course of education from student and due to effective education student can approach this university from all over the world. The brand might also obtain on wider significance to the client in terms of logic of community (Darabi, Reeves and Sahade v, 2014). Actively engagement is there when clients are ready to invest time and money into the brand. References Bianchi, C., Pike, S. and Lings, I., 2014, Investigating attitudes towards three South American destinations in an emerging long haul market using a model of consumer-based brand equity (CBBE), Tourism Management,42, pp.215-223. Chekalina, T., Fuchs, M. and Lexhagen, M., 2014, A value co-creation perspective on Customer-Based Brand Equity Model for Tourism Destinations: A Case from Sweden,Finnish Journal of Tourism Research (Matkailututkimus),10(1), pp.8-24. ifci, S., Ekinci, Y., Whyatt, G., Japutra, A., Molinillo, S. and Siala, H., 2016, A cross validation of Consumer-Based Brand Equity models: Driving customer equity in retail brands, Journal of Business Research,69(9), pp.3740-3747. Darabi, M., Reeves, P. and Sahadev, S., 2014, The relationship between SMS/MMS marketing and consumer based brand equity (CBBE)A review and conceptualization,Academy of Marketing. Huang, Z. J. and Cai, L. A., 2015, Modeling consumer-based brand equity for multinational hotel brandsWhen hosts become guests, Tourism Management,46, pp.431-443. Keller, K.L., 2016, Reflections on customer-based brand equity: perspectives, progress, and priorities,AMS review,6(1-2), pp.1-16. LaTrobe University, 2017, LaTrobe University, Retrieved on 8th October, 2017, from: https://www.latrobe.edu.au/about/vision/introduction. Selase Asamoah, E., 2014, Customer based brand equity (CBBE) and the competitive performance of SMEs in Ghana,Journal of Small Business and Enterprise Development,21(1), pp.117-131.

Science Investigatory Project of Group Essay Example

Science Investigatory Project of Group Paper Fertilizers are any organic or inorganic material of natural or synthetic origin that is added to a soil to supply one or more plant nutrients essential to the growth of the plant. Good fertility is fundamental to successful plant growth and the application of fertilizers and manures is an essential graining act activity. The maintenance of adequate levels of nutrients in the soil is essential for healthy plant growth. The present study deals with the utilization fruit peels for the effective growth of plants and higher yield. Different fruit peels such as, Orange pineapple and banana were used. Scope and Limitations: This investigation is limited only to prove if orange, banana, and pineapple peelings can help to lower the acidity of soil. The acidity of soil is tested by the litmus paper . This investigation may finish within one week. Significance of the Study Orange (citrus genesis), banana (MUSM communicate) and pineapple Nanas commons) peeling possesses special properties that is needed to control the acidity of the soil.. These materials will be used a fertilizer and tested its ability to germinate mug beans(vagina radiate). This study will promote the relevance of farming by using these materials as a fertilizer and as new crop. It encourages households to recycle their orange and banana peelings to compost it in their plots and grow mug beans as an alternative crop. Finally, it inspire people to further study and search for more benefits from fruits, vegetables and other agricultural reduces. Acidic soil having a pH value less than 4 have toxic amounts of Aluminum and Manganese. Alkaline soils have iron, manganese, zinc, boron and copper deficiency. Fertilizer use, plant root activity, and rainfall are some of the causes of soil pH decrease. Accumulation of magnesium and calcium salts results in having an alkaline soil. Bananas are a good source of manganese, vitamin BE and vitamin C. They are also a great source of energy. It is rich in potassium that helps counter the effects of sodium. Aside from manganese, it is also a good source of magnesium and copper. We will write a custom essay sample on Science Investigatory Project of Group specifically for you for only $16.38 $13.9/page Order now We will write a custom essay sample on Science Investigatory Project of Group specifically for you FOR ONLY $16.38 $13.9/page Hire Writer We will write a custom essay sample on Science Investigatory Project of Group specifically for you FOR ONLY $16.38 $13.9/page Hire Writer The mineral magnesium helps to strengthen the bones and help avoid cardiac-related problems. The mineral copper can help anemic persons gain red blood cells. It is also a source of vitamin C. Banana peelings are rich in anti-oxidants and potassium. It can be used for skin care purposes. The peelings can help treat splinters and scratches. They can be used in polishing. The website http:// www. Intercommunications. Com/2014/never-throw-away-orange- banana-peels. HTML says that the peelings can absorb lead and copper from water. Oranges belong to the Reeducate family of the genus; Citrus. Its scientific name is Citrus Genesis. Oranges are rich in Pectin which helps to protect the mucous membrane of the colon. Oranges have very good levels of Vitamin A which is essential for vision and healthy skin. It has very good amounts Of potassium and calcium. It is an excellent source of Vitamin C which helps the body to develop resistance against infectious agents. Organic, pesticide free orange peels are edible and help to improve digestion. Orange peels can help people with oily skin. It can be added to meat dishes to enhance its flavor. Powdered Orange peels can help some respiratory problems. Orange peels can also help a person experiencing nausea. Pineapples are a fruit from the species Nanas commons. It is rich in foliates, thiamine, riboflavin, pyridoxine and minerals like copper, manganese and potassium. It is an excellent source of vitamin C which is required for the collagen synthesis in the body. It is also a source of broomball which helps to break down proteins. Pineapples also are a source of vitamin A but in only a mall amount. Pineapple peelings can be used in many ways like using it to create beverages. They can be prepared to treat the skin in a form of a foot scrub. It is also a source of broomball. Pineapple peelings are rich in cellulose, homelessness and carbohydrates. Pineapple peelings can also be turned into other things or just to produce fragrance. The purpose of this study is to find an alternative way to change the pH of soil. Success in this study will give some fruit peelings a new use which will lessen garbage. Using fruit peelings can be better as not everyone can have access to agricultural lime or sulfates. Gardeners and farmers also have a greater access to fruit peelings since some plant fruits. They can use their very own products to change the soil pH. METHODOLOGY To test the effect of fruit peelings to the acidity of soil, materials will be collected or prepared in order to have a successful experiment. The materials needed for this study are litmus paper, five containers with same sizes, fruit peelings from different kinds Of fruits, specifically Orange, Banana and Pineapple, 2 kilograms of soil, water and quail eggshells. Litmus paper will be used to test the acidity of soil before and after applying the peelings. Water will be used to test soil acidity. Quail eggshells will be prepared as to have a controlled set-up. After obtaining the materials, the experiment can then be started. A scoop of soil from a container will be mixed into a cup of water. The soil and the water must be mix well. Once the soil and the water completely mixed with each other, a litmus paper will be applied to a sufficient amount. The soil must be mixed with water to allow a reaction to take place with the litmus paper. The containers will be labeled A, B, C and D. The soil will be divided into 4 containers, the fruit peelings will be added to containers A, B, and C. Each container must receive only fruit peelings from a particular plant. The container A must be filled with pineapple peelings, container B must be filled with Orange peelings and container C be filled with Banana peelings. Meanwhile, the quail eggshells will be place to container D. Allowing a day to pass will at least allow the independent variables, the fruit peelings and the quail eggshells in particular, to decompose. The testing of soil must be daily nice the peelings or eggshells will not decompose quickly. The watering of soil will also help the decomposition process of the fruit peelings and quail eggshells. Quail eggshells are the controlled variables since it is the one originally used. A chart or a notebook will be prepared for recording the observations.

Where to Find Privacy and Quiet Time in College

Where to Find Privacy and Quiet Time in College As much fun as it is to always have such interesting and engaging people around you in college, even the most outgoing of students need some privacy from time to time. Unfortunately, finding privacy on a college campus can be more of a challenge than you might think. So just where can you go when you need a few moments (or even an hour or two) to escape from it all? Here Are Some Ideas 1. Rent a carrel in the library. At many larger schools (and even some smaller ones), students can rent a carrel in the library. The cost usually isnt too high, especially if you consider how much youll pay a month for a quiet place you can call your own. Carrels can be great because you can leave books in there and know that theres always a quiet place to study without being interrupted. 2. Head to a large athletic facility when its not in use. Consider checking out the football stadium, track, soccer fields, or another athletic facility when there isnt a game going on. A space you might traditionally associate with thousands of people can be blissfully quiet when no events are planned. Finding a little nook for yourself in the stands can be a great way to get some time to just sit and reflect or even catch up on your long-overdue reading. 3. Cozy up in a  large theater facility when theres nobody there. Even if there is no play or dance performance scheduled until later this evening, chances are the campus theater is open. See if you can go inside for a great place to get some privacy as well as some comfy chairs to do your homework in. 4. Try your house or residence hall during mid-morning or mid-afternoon. Think about it: When are you least likely to be hanging out in your hall or house? When youre in  class, of course. If you want some privacy in a place that is familiar, try heading home during the mid-morning or mid-afternoon when everyone else is off in the academic buildings- if you dont have a class, of course. 5. Head to a far corner of the campus. Download the campus map from your schools website and look at the corners. What places dont you usually visit? Those are probably the places most other students dont visit either. If you have some time, head to a corner of campus that never gets any visitors and find a little corner of the world to call your own for a while. 6. Reserve a music studio. First and foremost, however: Only do this if youre sure theres plenty of extra studio space at that time- never steal this vital resource from the students who really need it. If there isnt much demand for space, consider reserving a music studio for an hour or two a week. Whereas other students will be practicing their violins and saxophones, you can put some headphones in and get some quality relaxation or meditation time. 7. Hang out in an art studio or science lab. If there arent any classes in session, art studio and science labs can be a funky place to get some privacy. You can have a phone conversation in private (provided theres no one else around to annoy)  or let yourself enjoy your creative side (sketching, painting, or maybe writing poetry?) while in a relaxing, calm environment. 8. Check out the dining hall during non-peak hours. The food court itself may not be open, but chances are you can still go and snag one of the comfy booths or tables (not to mention get a Diet Coke refill when you need it). Consider bringing your laptop so you can have some privacy while catching up on emails, Facebook, or other personal tasks that are hard to do with a ton of people around. 9. Wake up early and explore an entirely new part of campus.   It sounds horrific, but waking up early every now and then can be a great way to get some privacy, spend some time in self-reflection, and gain perspective. After all, whens the last time you had a few moments by yourself to go for a great morning run, do some morning yoga outside, or just go for a quiet walk around campus? 10. Stop by a campus chapel, temple, or interfaith center. Heading to a religious location may not be one of the first things that comes to mind when you think of where to go for privacy, but campus religious centers have a lot to offer. Theyre quiet, open most of the day, and will provide you with some time to reflect and process on whatever you need to for as long as you need to. Additionally, if youd like to get any spiritual counseling while youre there, theres usually someone you can talk to.

Law of Evidence - Reliability and relevance Essay

Law of Evidence - Reliability and relevance - Essay Example Evidence can only be deemed to be relevant if it is used to prove or disprove a matter that is in issue before the court. Evidence adduced with the intention of causing the jury to disapprove of the defendant is generally inadmissible, unless it is properly presented as evidence of bad character to show the propensity of the defendant to a particular kind of crime. Since scientific evidence is a specific area of expertise it is essential that the person giving evidence relating to scientific findings is suitably qualified, and that the evidence can be relied upon in order to secure a conviction. It is not always easy to draw a distinction between a person who is giving an expert opinion as opposed to evidence of fact1 . The Criminal Procedure Rules 1998 (CPR) were reformed in order to restrict the usage of expert evidence2. CPR r 35.1 states that ‘expert evidence shall be restricted to that which is reasonably required to resolve the proceedings.’ One of the dangers asso ciated with the reliance of expert opinion is that miscarriages of justice may occur as a direct result. ... This case was very similar to R v Clark (no2) [2003]4 in which the evidence of the same expert used in the Cannings case was regarded as reliable, resulting in the conviction of Clark for the murder of her 2 children. Professor Meadow, the expert in these cases was at the time carrying out a government funded report into the causes of sudden infant death. At the trial Professor Meadow made the observation that the chances of 2 children dying of cot death within Clark’s family situation could be compared to the chances of 4 different horses winning the Grand National in consecutive years at odds of 80 to 1. As a result of the elevated status of Professor Meadow as an expert in this field the jury concluded that the deaths could not have been natural causes. The courts have struggled consistently with the testing of expert evidence as there is no compulsory requirement for accreditation of the qualifications of the expert. There is also a lack of training for judges and barriste rs in the understanding of expert evidence, as well as training in judging the reliability of such evidence. In a report conducted by the House of Commons into the reliability of expert forensic evidence the report expressed concern that when the Forensic Science Service moved to the private sector the police service would no longer be able to ask the FSS to ‘provide advice as to the reliability of forensic techniques5.’ At present there is no control over the testing of the reliability of expert witnesses, however, the Law Commission have recently tried to address this issue in the Criminal Evidence (experts) Bill which was published 22 March 20116. In this Bill it was recommended that a reliability based admissibility test should be established for

History US Essay Example | Topics and Well Written Essays - 500 words

History US - Essay Example to world power status. The New Deal provided numerous economic programs that stabilized the economy through giving support in banking and finance, unemployment, and agriculture. In banking and finance, President Franklin D. Roosevelt offered significant credit facilities to industry and agriculture. The Federal Deposit Insurance Corporation (FDIC) also insured savings-bank deposits up to $5,000. Moreover, to reduce unemployment that affected 13 million Americans, Roosevelt created job-stimulating programs. The Civilian Conservation Corps (CCC) was a program that gave mostly conservation jobs to young men between 18 and 25 years of age (IIP Digital, 2008). The Public Works Administration (PWA) gave employment to skilled construction workers for different medium- to large-sized projects, among other programs (IIP Digital, 2008). In addition, to improve agricultural revenues, the Congress passed the Agricultural Adjustment Act (AAA) in 1933. It gave economic relief to farmers by increasing crop prices throug h paying farmers a subsidy to reimburse them for deliberate cutbacks in production (IIP Digital, 2008). Despite these job and financial programs, the New Deal did not restore the Gross National Product (GNP), consumption levels, and employment rates to pre-Depression years (West, n.d.). World War II created complete economic recovery because of greater federal spending that improved employment rates both for men and women and for whites and colored people. Military spending by the federal government jump-started the economy, increasing GNP, consumption levels, and employment rates more than the New Deal did. By 1943, California’s aircraft and shipbuilding industries hired 243,000 and 280,000 people correspondingly, and tens of thousands worked in plants in Pacific Northwest (West, n.d.). In Seattle, the Boeing Company’s sales of aircraft in 1944 reached ten times that of the total city’s industries five years before (West, n.d.). With bustling

Reviewing the Decision Essay Example | Topics and Well Written Essays - 500 words

Reviewing the Decision - Essay Example The reason why the manager of "ABC" with whom we work decided that they would manage to promote fully equipped base cabinets in the future was due to the request of one of their key customers for the immediate installation of 25 pcs. of such advanced base cabinets, plus their reasoning that because of the increased convenience of the more expensive base cabinets the same quantity can be rather quickly installed at other locations as well. Considering our general positive experience with "ABC", our history of making similar supplies of equipment which "ABC" quickly exhausted, and their leading position in their market segment, I decided to place the order at the manufacturer for the mentioned amount of equipment. After we brought to our stock 50 pcs. of fully equipped base cabinets, it turned out that by then the key customer of "ABC" bailed out from his liability before them, and the general market response to the prospect of purchase of more expensive cabinets was much less enthusia stic than expected. As the result of the mentioned facts, by this moment we still have on our stock 38 pcs. of fully equipped base cabinets for table-top coffee machines, which translates into 12,500$ of frozen assets.

The Integration Of Core Concepts And Frameworks In Health Studies Nursing Essay

The Integration Of Core Concepts And Frameworks In Health Studies Nursing Essay Introduction This assignment attempts to explore the integration of core concepts and frameworks in health studies. The purpose of the assignment is to analyse the writers current professional practice, focusing on the outcomes of reflection, models of health, focus for learning, methods of enquiry and occupational mode of practice. Where reflective accounts are used to demonstrate a relationship to current practice, the author will make these entries in the first person (Webb, 1992, Hamill, 1999). The author is a senior staff nurse within an acute and emergency care facility in the North West of England. To ensure anonymity and confidentiality no reference is made to either patients or staff (NMC, 2004). During the last three decades, many professional groups have taken up reflective practice. Bulman Schutz (2004) argue that this enhances learning and promotes best practice within nursing. It is seen as an appropriate form of learning and a desirable quality amongst nursing staff (NMC, 2002). There have been many attempts to define reflective practice, however, Atkins Murphy (1993) argue that the whole concept is poorly defined. Reflection and reflective practice is a process allowing the practitioner to explore, understand and develop meaning, highlighting contradictions between theory and practice (Johns, 1995). Moon (1999) defines reflection as a set of abilities and skills, to indicate a critical stance, an orientation to problem solving or state of mind. Reflection is a window through which an event or situation is broken down and evaluated upon in an attempt to understand what has happened, to improve practice and aid learning and development (Reed, 1993, cited in Burns Bulman, 2000). Kolb (1984) states that reflection is central in theories of experiential learning and argues that within nursing, this form of learning is the most dominant. Platzer, Blake Ashford (2000) state that there are many benefits to learning through reflection, however, they are critical of individual reflective accounts and acknowledge the barriers to this form of learning. They explain how group reflection is more potent when attempting to understand complex professional issues and believe that through sharing, supporting and giving feedback in these sessions will facilitate learning with greater effectiveness. Wilkinson Wilkinson (1996) share this view, but highlight the importance of respecting and maintaining confidentiality. Schon (1983) describes reflection in two ways: reflection in and reflection on action. The differences in these types of reflections are reflecting whilst the situation unfolds and reflecting retrospectively on an event (Greenwood, 1993, Fitzgerald, 1994). Atkins Murphy (1994) improve upon this and suggest that for reflection to make a significant difference to practice, the practitioner must follow this up with a commitment to action, as a result. Interestingly, Greenwood (1993) also states that reflection before action is an important preparatory element to reflective learning as it allows the practitioner to formulate plans ahead of situations arising. There are other writers on reflective practice and conflicting arguments exist about when best to reflect. (Wilkinson, 1999). There are some critics of reflective practice, these highlight issues including the surveillance and self-regulation of reflective practice (Taylor 2003). Bulman Schutz (2004) suggest that when bringing personal feelings and emotions into the public domain that this can act as a barrier to reflection. They also acknowledge other limitations to the reflective process, including a lack of effective tools for assessment, political and financial pressures and the knowledge and skills required by facilitators. Taylor (2003) proposes that due to the confessional nature of reflection, debate can be raised over the legitimacy and honesty of the process. Schutz (2007) states that insufficient research has taken place to assess the benefits of reflection in nursing, leaving some debate about its appropriateness. Taylor (2003) argues however, that reflective practice is considered a positive approach to learning and is an important educational tool. There are many models to guide a practitioner through the reflective cycle. Reflection was first explored by Dewey (1933), Boud et al (1985) Cooper (1975) Powell (1989), Jarvis (1992), Atkins and Murphy (1994), Reid (1993) and others. More recently, models used to guide reflective practice, include Gibbs (1998) Johns (1995), Bortons (1970), Smyth (1989) and others. Health is a broad concept and can embody a variety of meanings, of which there is no particular right or wrong answer. There is no ideal meaning of health, making it a highly contested topic (Aggleton, 1993). The word health derives from the old English word to heal (hael) meaning whole (Naidoo and Wills, 2000). This statement suggests that health relates to the individual and concerns their holistic well-being. However, the literature suggests that opinions vary and that some perspectives disagree. Health is defined in many ways, generally divided into two types of understanding; official and lay perspectives. The main difference between the two, is that one is the view held by professionals and the other represents the views of lay people (non professionals). Official definitions of health have two common meanings in every day use; positive and negative (Cribb 1998, Aggleton 1993). The positive view represents a state of well being and the negative view surrounds absence of disease. The World Health Organisation (WHO) (1946) encapsulated a holistic view of health, Health is a state of complete physical, mental and social well-being, not merely the absence of disease or infirmity. Whilst setting high targets to be achieved, this definition has been criticised for being too idealistic and impossible to attain (Aggleton, 1993). In view of the criticism, the WHO changed its definition: health is the extent to which an individual or group is able to realise aspirations, to satisfy needs and to change or cope with the environment. Health is therefore seen as a resource for everyday life not the object of living. Health is a positive concept emphasising social and personal resources as well as physical capabilities (WHO, 1986). This suggests that more recent definitions see health not as a state, but as a process towards the achievement of each individuals potential (Seedhouse, 1986). Negative definitions focus on the absence of disease or illness (Aggleton 1993, Naidoo Wills 2000). One definition of health suggests that people are healthy so long as they show no signs of bodily abnormality (disease). This definition fails to take into account how the person feels about themselves. The individual may feel ill in situations where health professionals are unable to find any underlying pathology (Aggleton 1993). Alternatively, an individual may have a disease and feel perfectly well. The main point being made here is that subjective perceptions cannot be overruled or invalidated by scientific medicine (Naidoo Wills 2000). The negative meaning of health is utilised by the medical model, which is explored later in the text. Whilst in the workplace, it is apparent to me (who is also a Registered Nurse) that both positive and negative meanings of health are used. Doctors focus on health from the negative viewpoint e.g. a doctor may review a patient and whilst not being able to find evidence of an acute illness, decides that the patient is fit to be discharged. Alternatively, I may focus on the positive view. In this context, a holistic approach to the patients health and social well-being is being explored, and therefore a comprehensive assessment of these needs are being made prior to discharge. As previously mentioned, lay beliefs are the views of those who are not professionally involved in health issues (Aggleton 1999). Whilst this is so, they must not be totally discounted as they can be as important as official definitions. They often influence the behaviour and understanding of an individual, and ultimately, the way they respond to health issues. An example of this can be demonstrated when reflection takes place after an incident e.g. a gentleman was admitted to the assessment area complaining of chest pain. After investigation, he was diagnosed with a myocardial infarction. Immediately after diagnosis, he remained on bed-rest for twenty-four hours, then after this period, the patient stated (when asked how he felt), that he felt well and had infact never felt better. At this point the patient proceeded in an attempt to get out of bed and mobilise locally. Thus, it was his belief (a positive view) that because he felt well (he had no symptoms of feeling unwell) then th is was a signal for him to carry on, in his normal manner, which was not the case. If the patient had been told he needed to rest, then it is likely that his behaviour would have changed. Beliefs about health can also vary from place to place (Aggleton 1993). Having nursed in various locations throughout the United Kingdom, my experience of this is first hand and from this experience, I share the views of Aggleton. There seem clear distinctions between health needs and health interpretations between different social class groups. e.g. in deprived areas, beliefs of health are that you just get by, however, in more affluent areas, health is not seen as merely being free from ill-health, but looks at other dimensions too, like keeping fit, eating healthily and being active. According to Jones (1994), health is subject to widely variable individual, social and cultural expectations, produced by the interplay of individual perceptions and social influence; suggesting that individuals create and re-create meanings of health and illness. This is done by our lived experiences. This view is supported by researchers, who have identified social class differences in concepts of health (Blaxter 1990, Calnan 1987). Their findings concluded that middle class respondents had a more positive view of health and found this to be linked to perceptions such as enjoying life and being fit and active. Through the same research, working class groups viewed health as functional and avoiding ill health. One explanation for these findings is that compared to working class people, middle class groups have greater control over their lives, due to income thresholds and job security, generating higher standards of living. According to Naidoo Wills (2000), this leads to people in different social classes holding different beliefs about autonomy and fatalism. These views are confirmed by my experiences in the workplace. The majority of patients I see are from working class backgrounds. This information is obtained from the patient during admission, when asked about their occupational status. It must be acknowledged however, that someones occupation doesnt necessarily denote their social group. These patients do have a tendency to view health as functional and this further supports the explanation offered by Naidoo Wills (2000). The United Kingdom is undoubtedly classed as a multicultural society, therefore it could be argued that a range of cultural views about health co-exist (Naidoo Wills, 2000). Alternative practitioners offer therapies such as acupuncture, reflexology and massage, which are based on cultural views of health and disease and run in conjunction with therapies offered by the National Health Service, which focuses on scientific medicine. The use of complementary alternative medicine (CAM) is largely unregulated but due to recent government pressures, a regulatory body to govern the use of some of these practices is to be set up (Hawkes, 2008). It is also evident that differences in chronological age and lifestyle also play a key part in influencing our views about health. For many young people, health may be seen as the ability to take part in sporting activities or being at the peak of their fitness (Blaxter 1990, Aggleton 1993). Alternatively, health for the older person is more likely to relate to the ability to cope and to be able to undertake a more restricted range of actions (Williams 1983, Aggleton 1993). It is clear from this discussion, that there are a variety of forms that can be taken from a concept. It is felt therefore that it would be useful to use an analytical framework which brings together defining features of concepts of health and demonstrates their relationship to each other. One such framework is by Alan Beattie (1987, 1993). Beattie (1987, 1993) suggests that concepts of health can be characterised by a focus on health as the property of individuals through to the property of people collectively, on a continuum. Further concepts can be seen as open to authoritative definition (or scientific principles), or alternatively as socially negotiable within the context of people concerned. This lead Beattie to set out two interlocking axis the horizontal and vertical axis. The horizontal axis represents individual people to families, groups and whole communities. The vertical axis represents a stance from expert led (authoritative usually represented by expert knowledge) to client led (negotiated using peoples own interpretations of their health and viewing them as experts in their own right) interventions. From this, the four quadrants of Beatties concepts were born. Biopathological models of health are related directly to the individual, them being the focus for treatment and free from illness or disease. Health is proclaimed in an authoritative manner through investigation and diagnosis. This model relates closely to the medical model of health. Biographical models of health focus on the individual subjective experience of health. Health is seen as part of everybodys life story and is therefore seen as being linked to our individual biographies. Health is not established through science but the personal opinion of the individual in the context of their lived experience. Environmental models view health as a property of populations as opposed to individuals. The emphasis is on the use of statistical data to describe epidemiology, in order to determine the health of the population. The communitarian concept states that health is the property of the social contexts of peoples lives in their communities. Health is seen to be influenced by how people respond to their material and cultural circumstances of their lives and not being shaped by authoritative monitoring of patterns of health. Beattie (1987, 1993) suggests that these models are not mutually exclusive. They can co-exist in differing circumstances, however, the emphasis may be more or less dominant. Having explored these models, it becomes evident that within my practice the Biopathological model is the most dominant between the members of the health care team e.g. a patient is admitted to the assessment unit with complaints of chest pain. The medical team (or the technician as Beattie would refer) would see the individual as the focus for treatment and will carry out expert, scientific led investigations. The diagnosis would then be proclaimed in an authoritative manner. This model has been criticised for being too narrow and it can be argued that medicine is not as effective as it is often claimed (Naidoo Wills 2000). The twentieth century has seen a reduction in mortality and increased longevity in developed countries and it is often assumed that medical advances have been responsible for this. McKeown Lowe (1974) would argue that this is not necessarily the case. In their historical analysis they concluded that social advances in general living conditions had been responsi ble for most of the reduction in morbidity, whereas the contribution of medicine had played a much smaller role. However, within the professions and institutes of medicine, mechanistic approaches to analysis are still dominant (Beattie et al 1993). In practice, the biopathological model of health is usually adopted when dealing with the nominated patient group, but it must be acknowledged that sometimes, due to the nature of nursing (even in an acute area), I may utilise other models within Beatties framework, particularly the biographical model of health. Here, the focus is still individual, but the care is negotiated as opposed to prescribed. Interestingly, the NMC (2004) code of professional conduct also advocates that patients be treated individually, with respect and with their best interests in mind. An example can be given to the reader of when this overlap occurs. A patient is admitted to hospital, following an acute exacerbation of chronic airways disease. The individual is seen by the doctor and in an authoritative manner prescribed a course of treatment, which included smoking cessation. The patient did not respond well to this demand. He believed that because he had been smoking for most of his adult life, that this did not contribute to his current health breakdown. Utilising previous experience in this area, I talked through the issues of smoking cessation and gave a rationale for the proposed treatment. I listened to the patient, with their concerns and anxieties and found that previous attempts at stopping smoking had been unsuccessful. The patient highlighted that no help had been offered previously from the health care team and that he had no financial compensation for his treatment. After a discussion about the support and available services, the patient accepted my offer to a free and confidential stop smoking service and agreed to a referral being sent. According to Beattie (1987, 1993) the focus for learning concerns the type of knowledge a health care practitioner needs in order to practice within their setting. Within the biopathological model of health, the focus for learning is that of essential knowledge applied by the competent worker (the technician). This is consistent with my focus for learning and is utilised frequently in every day practice. It is the most dominant over other focuses suggested by Beattie (1987, 1993) within other models of health. An example of when I might use this form of knowledge could be when managing a deep vein thrombosis (DVT) clinic. I assess the patients risk of having a DVT, then, by following the trusts protocol decide the patients management plan. To ensure the effective running of the clinic at a competent level requires me to have essential knowledge about the diagnosis and treatment of DVT including a thorough understanding of the anatomy and physiology involved, the treatments, radiologi cal investigations, complications and side effects to treatment. Carper (1978), suggests that there are four fundamental patterns or types of knowing in nursing. These are known as his taxonomys of knowing and include, the empirics, aesthetics, personal knowledge and ethical domains. The empirics element of his taxonomy relates to the science of nursing and having the ability to describe, explain and predict. The aesthetics dimension relates to the art of nursing. Personal knowledge relates to the knowledge that an individual has from their past experiences in nursing and the ethical component of Carpers taxonomy relates directly to the decision making, the rights and wrongs, holding values and applicating. A method of enquiry, concerns the formal ways in which knowledge is generated and used by practitioners (Beattie 1987, 1993), often referred to as research and is vital in informing practice (Rolfe 1996). Research has two main paradigms for which there are different terms. Here, they shall be referred to as positivism and interpretivism. Positivist research is concerned with facts based on objective information, which is tested and systemised e.g. a randomised controlled trial. Interpretivist research deals with meanings based on subjective information e.g. a patient satisfaction survey (Parahoo 1997). Previously, I have identified that the predominant method of enquiry in the workplace is the positivistic approach, directly relating to the biopathological model of health. In nursing, the use of evidence-based practice is prevalent and Naidoo Wills (2000) agree is firmly established. This is consistent with the use of randomised controlled trials to establish what forms of treatment are most effective for most people. Sackett, Rosenburg, Muir Gray, Haynes Richardson (1996), describe evidence based practice to be a conscientious, explicit and judicious use of current best evidence in making decisions about the care of individual patients. This suggests that evidence based practice is crucial to the effective delivery of care and to the role and status of the nursing profession (Hardey Mulhall 1994, Roper, Logan Tierney 1996). An example of positivistic research, used within my practice, would be the use of diabetes mellitus, insulin glucose infusion in acute myocardial infarctio n (digami regime) (see appendix 1, for summary of research findings). Following these findings, the digami regime has been implemented throughout the NHS Trust in which I am employed, and is now standard procedure for staff to use on the appropriate patients. The data to support the use of the digami regime evolved from randomised controlled trials, which Hardey Mulhall (1994), maintains provide high reliability. Further more, the randomised controlled trials have been described within evidence-based practice as the gold standard (Naidoo Wills, 2000). On the negative side, Parahoo (1997) argues that positivistic research studies human beings as objects and does not provide knowledge of the patients views of the treatment. Conclusion It is undoubtedly clear that health is a complex and multi-faceted area for discussion. There are many meanings and definitions to health with no simple answers. It has become clear that lay and professional views should be regarded equally due to their equal stature. The practitioner has always regarded these as so, but the essay has highlighted this important area and has increased my awareness of this for future clinical practice. The practitioner will continue to view health positively and holistically and will endeavour to promote this practice amongst other members of the multi-disciplinary team. The practitioner has learned that using an analytical framework is a useful tool when mapping concepts of health in particularly Beatties framework. The framework was easy to follow and relates well to practice. The focus for learning was found to be predominantly around applying essential knowledge. The method of enquiry that informs practice was dominantly positivism which linked closely with Beatties biopathological model. Not surprisingly, this model prevails as the most dominant in my clinical practice. From this module, I feel that I have developed both personally and professionally. The knowledge gained through the undertaking of further study has helped me bridge the theory practice gap and has made me more aware of issues surrounding this complex area of health. Appendix 1 This study was initiated to test the hypothesis that rapid improvement of metabolic control in diabetes patients with acute myocardial infarction by means of insulin glucose infusion decreases the high initial mortality rate and that continued good metabolic control during the early post infarction period improved the subsequent prognosis of myocardial infarction (Malmberg et al 1995, Malmberg et al 1994, Malmberg 1997). Conclusions from this study, support the immediate use of insulin glucose infusion followed by multi-dose insulin in diabetic patients with acute myocardial infarction (Malmberg et al 1995, Malmberg et al 1994, Malmberg 1997) References Aggleton. P. (1993) Health Routledge. London. Atkins. S., Murphy. K. (1993) Reflection: a review of the literature. Journal of advanced nursing. 18(8) 1188-1192. Atkins. S., Murphy. K. (1994) Reflective practice. Nursing Standard, 8(39) 49-56. Beattie. A., Gott. M., Jones. L., Sidell. M. (eds) (1993) The changing boundaries of health. The Macmillan press Ltd. Hampshire. Beattie. A. (1987) Making the curriculum work inAllan. P, Jolley. M. (eds) The curriculum in nursing education. Chapman Hall. London. Blaxter. M. (1990) Health and lifestyles. Routledge. London. Borton. T. (1970) Reach, teach and touch. McCraw Hill. London. Boud. D., Keogh. R., Walker. D.(1985) Reflection: turning experience into learning. Routledge falmer. London. Bulman. C., Schutz. S. (2004). Reflective practice in nursing (3rd ed). Blackwells publishing. Oxford. Burns. S., Bulman. C. (2000) Reflective practice in nursing: The growth of the professional practitioner. Blackwell Science. Oxford. Calnan. M. (1987) Health and Illness. Tavistock. London. Carper. A. (1978) Fundamental patterns of knowing in nursing. In Nicholl L H (Ed) Perspectives on nursing theory. Lippincott Company. Philadelphia. Cooper C. L. (1975) Theories of group processes. John wiley Sons. London. Cribb. A. 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(1995) Randomised Trial of Insulin-Glucose Infusion followed by Subcutaneous Insulin treatment in Diabetic patients with Acute Myocardial Infarction (DIGAMI Study) : Effects on Mortality at 1 year Journal of American College of Cardiology 26(1) 57-65 Malmberg. K. A. (1997) Prospective randomised study of intensive insulin treatment on long term survival after acute myocardial infarction in patients with diabetes mellitus British Medical Journal 314, 1512-5 McKeown. T., Lowe. C. R. (1974) An introduction to modern medicine Blackwell scientific publications. Oxford. Moon. J. (1999) Reflection in learning and development. Theory and practice. Routledge Falmer. Oxon. Naidoo. J., Wills. J. (2000) Health promotion foundations for practice (2nd ed). Balliere Tindall. London. New York. NMC. (2002) Requirements for pre-registration nursing programmes. NMC publications. London. NMC (2004) The code of professional conduct: standards for conduct, performance and ethics. NMC publications. London. 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Ibn Battutas 1331 Journey to West Africa Essay -- Gender Roles, Mecca

Ibn Battuta’s 1331 journey to West Africa provides a contrast of two worlds: Battuta’s pre-modern Islamic culture conflicting with African societies’ interpretation of Muslim beliefs and tribal traditions. He is especially critical of the various roles of women he observes—thus, allowing us insight into his own judgments formed by his culture and society. A brief summary of his life is paramount in the understanding of Battuta’s impressions and reactions to West African society. Abu Abdallah ibn Battuta was born in Morocco in 1304. By 1325, Battuta embarked on his first hajj, or pilgrimage to the holiest Islamic city of Mecca at age twenty-one (Hamdun, King, p. 1). Although expected to complete this religious duty at least once in his or her lifetime, Battuta accomplished the hajj, â€Å"six or seven times, each time presumably accruing divine merit† (Dunn, p. xvii). Battuta was a part of the ulama, an elite class of Muslim religious and legal scholars who, â€Å"traveled to make the hajj or to further their education in the religious sciences (Dunn, p. xii). Battuta traveled extensively for nearly thirty years, visiting around fifty countries, often multiple times (Dunn, p. ix). He chronicled his lengthy expeditions in the Rihla (Book of Travels), allowing some of the first and only written accounts of Sub-Saharan Afri ca in the 14th century. Battuta’s beliefs regarding status of women in Islamic society is perhaps first alluded to in his account of the MassÃ… «fa of Ä ªwÄ lÄ tan. He chides, â€Å"The condition of these people is strange and their manners outlandish†¦None of them derives his genealogy from his father, but on the contrary, from his maternal uncle† (Battuta, p. 37). Battuta disagrees with the MassÃ… «fa’s tradition of matrilineal derive... ...and counted among his associates eminent scholars, royal officials, rich merchants, and Mongol Kings† (Dunn, p. ix). It is these experiences that also allow us to also extrapolate some of the realities and experiences of the pre-modern Muslim woman. It is these same experiences during this formative period of Islamic society that established and shaped the contemporary Islamic world. Today, just as Ibn Battuta was able to observe other cultures through caravans on camelback, Muslim men and women are now exposed to various cultures in our globalized world through technology without having to travel far. And also just as Battuta, these same men and women are also experiencing the both strengthening and testing of his or her cultural and religious identity. The social constructs of Battuta’s era are being challenged through revolutions and uprisings throughout Islam.

Lonely Miss Brill the Eavesdropper

Miss Brill by Katherine Mansfield is about a middle-aged English teacher who secretly listens to other people's conversation due to her loneliness. Every weekend Miss Brill goes out to the parade in a park and listens to other people's conversation because she has nobody to talk to but her fur coat. She treasures her fur coat as if it's her pet and has conversations with it. Towards the end of the story, she realizes that nobody likes her, therefore she goes home into her dark room and cries.Katherine Mansfield, uses imagery, characterization, and point-of-view uses these three literary elements to inform the meaning of the lonliness. The author uses imagery for the reader to better understand the story and to create the apperance of her loneliness. In the beginning of the story, the author states â€Å"She had taken it out of its box that afternoon, shaken out the moth powder†¦ rubbed the life back into the dim little eyes. † (Mansfield 1)Here, Miss Brill takes out her f ur coat and starts to talk to it and pets it as if it is her pet.From this, the reader can can visually interpret that Miss Brill had no friends or family to talk to when she was lonley. Furthermore, towards the end of the story, a girl at the park says, â€Å"It's exactly like a fried whiting. â€Å"(Mansfield 4) The reader can visualize the story the author intended on how the little girl at the park makes fun of Miss Brill of her fur coat saying that it looks like fried fish. After hearing this, Miss Brill goes home and cries in her dark room. In addition, the author uses point-of-view for the reader to step into the main characters' shoes.In the beginning of the story, when Miss Brill went to the park to watch the parade, the author states â€Å"Wasn't the conductor wearing a new coat, too? She sure it was new. † (Mansfield 1) From this quote, the reader can see that she went to the parade often, enough to know what the bandsmen wore each weekend to perform. Furthermore , the author states â€Å"But to-day she passed the baker's by, climbed the stairs, went into the little dark room- her room like a cupboard†¦ She sat there for a long time.† (Mansfield 4)After coming back from the parade, getting made fun of, she goes to her room in a depressed mood and cries by herself. Lastly, from the begininng of the story, the reader can tell that Miss Brill had a unique personality. From talking and petting her fur coat, to eavesdropping, her character is a bit different from others. Her lonliness could have lead her to eavesdrop on people and have a fur coat as her friend. The author states, â€Å"This was disappointing, for Miss Brill always looked foward to the conversation.† (Mansfield 1), to show her lonliness.In this quote, the reader can see that Miss Brill liked to talk to people and even if she wasn't in the conversation, she would like to listen to them. Furthermore, he author states â€Å"How she enjoyed it! How she loved sittin g there, watching it all! It was like a play. † (Mansfield 3) This quote is explaining how she enjoyed the parade as if it was a play. The reader can see that she entertained herself by going to the park every weekend to forget about her loneliness.The author successfully used these three literary elements for the readers to better understand the story, to create the appearance of her lonliness and visualize interpret what the author was intending to say. Authors using literary elements in their story is important because they can send what they're trying to say to the readers easily with the literary elements. Furthermore, it is important to the readers because the reader's can better understand the story and relate the story to the world. Reading this story, readers can understand people who too are lonely and step into their shoes to understand their feelings.

What factors contributed to the success of Apple Essay Example

What factors contributed to the success of Apple Essay Example What factors contributed to the success of Apple Essay What factors contributed to the success of Apple Essay The preceding analysis of the success factors of the phone leads to lessons that can be learned when developing and launching mobile products and data services. While some of these lessons may be considered specific to Apple, most of them can be replicated by other Smartened manufacturers and potentially even other technology providers: Demographics Target the right group of adopters: Apple targeted young, technology savvy individuals rather than business. While other Smartened and mobile data and Internet services targeted business (e. . , RIM), phone proved there is a strong market in personal use. Rather than assuming an initial target of business, and expecting consumers to follow, it is possible to reverse this, targeting personal usage first with business usage following. User Preferences unreason Ana meet preferences: Apple Touches on entertainment applications Ana services rather than business applications, clearly meeting the needs of their consumers. By fully understanding user preferences and designing content and applications that meet these preferences, there is a large untapped market potential n mobile data and Internet products and services. Culture Find and exploit cultural niches: While culture varies by country and within countries, it is important for the phone to find cultural niches that it could fill. These cultural niches have been filled for the most part through the applications and services provided, rather than the mobile devices, indicating that regardless of the hardware platform, cultural preferences can be met through software and content. Technology Hardware plays a best-supporting role: While phone understood that applications and content were cost important, an element of control over the hardware and technology was necessary for success. The phone achieved success through Apples core competency in product innovation, ensuring that phone was highly functional and capable of producing a rich mobile Internet browsing experience. Thus it is highly important to ensure that technology plays a strong supporting role to applications and content. Business Model Develop a business model based on core competencies: The device-centric business model of the phone [45] has been the strongest factor in the success. The phone launch went against traditional wireless equines models and showed that device manufacturers could successfully control the necessary portions of the value chain and allow all players to be profitable and successful. Marketing Focus on fulfilling consumer needs: For the phone, Apple markets the services provided, rather than the hardware, focusing on what the products and services can do for the consumer, rather than the specifications. Key to success is not focusing on products, but rather the fulfillment of consumer needs. Service Providers Maintain control through content access and distribution: Apple understood that applications and intent are best left for third parties to develop, but maintaining control over access and distribution (including security) were the key elements of the value chain where it had core competencies. It proved that you do not need to perform the tasks in every part of the value chain, but rather coordinate and control the value chain to allow success for all players. Regulatory Make regulations work for you: Rather than working against regulations, Apple has accepted the regulatory factors, and worked within them to launch products and services that comply yet achieve high levels of

Andrea Yates essays

Andrea Yates essays Andrea Yates and the Insanity Defense On June 20th, 2001, Andrea Yates, a 36-year-old mother of five, drowned all five of her children one at a time in the bathroom tub. She then calmly called 911 and then her husband telling him Its time. I finally did it. When she was interviewed by police later that day she told them that the reason she had killed her children was because she had done a bad job as a mother and wanted to punish herself. Andrea had a history of metal illness and was treated for postpartum depression and psychosis after her fourth and fifth children. She had attempted to kill herself two years earlier and was taking two antidepressant medications at the time of the murders. She had previously been on several other antidepressants and the antipsychotic medication Haldol. Andrea was charged with two counts of capitol murder. The defense did not dispute that Yates had killed her children but rather they claimed that she was legally insane at the time of the killings. According to Texas state law the defense is required to show that the defendant is not only mentally ill but did not know that what they were doing was illegal or wrong at the time. The prosecution agreed that Andrea was mentally ill but argued that she knew what she was doing was wrong. They cited the fact that she confessed to planning the killing in advance to police and a psychologist, and that she immediately called 911 after the killings suggest premeditation and that she knew killing her children was wrong. The defense argued that Andrea knew killing her children was legally wrong but that she was so delusional that she thought she was saving them from Satan. The jury convicted Andrea of the two counts of capitol murder. In sentencing Andrea the Jury had to decide between life in prison or the death penalty. To impose the death penalty under Texas law, the jury had to decide unanimously that Yates was a futur...

Historical Writing Essay Example | Topics and Well Written Essays - 1000 words

Historical Writing - Essay Example Yet not all interpretations of the past are deemed valid as some are simply beyond the burden of evidence and fair interpretation of the historical record is neglected. To communicate a sound interpretation of a historical phenomenon, "an eye witness account" should come within the period. Ash's extremely readable book is a detailed recount in essay form of the political transformation and revolution of Eastern Europe. He wrote about the events that politically transformed Poland, Hungary, Eastern Germany and Czechoslovakia which teaches us lessons against communism and glorifies the struggle for freedom. With his account of the revolt in Budapest and Hungary, the events that exactly took place with the fall of the Berlin wall continue to captivate and inform readers. The happenings in Prague were given out in vivid detail with personal accounts of the leading anti-communists figures. The long and elaborate observations however failed to explain the failures of the earlier movement to destabilize communism which could have completed the fifth part which summarizes his observations and a few drawn out conclusions of the first four chapters. The second section of the book traces the changes in Eastern Europe, however failing to discuss how the revolution became logical in an era that defies prediction. His theories drew out the summary in three words-"Gorbachev, Helsinki and Toqueville", who all set the stage for a revolution. His unique work, managed to create a storytelling atmosphere that combined facts and analysis into a highly readable and enjoyable piece of work that critically dubbed the Magic lantern as "sensational, scholarly and literary. Reviews have treated his work as a "history of the present" that invites dissenting opinion on the issues concerning a certain time frame that allows history to complete its course. Eventually issues would sooner or later add up to form part of the whole saga that critics were quick to point as Ash's error in writing a somewhat historical piece just after several months of the actual event. We begin to agree with the critics on the sound idea that to recount past history of a certain period, a particular time frame is designated to create a full picture of the results after the tangible and unforgotten era. However, we may be led to believe that Ash was never aiming for the perfect account of the unpredictable. History and journalism has never set a standard within which to form as a guide in the chronology and conclusion in writing historical events and. Ash's writing was more of an art akin to creative journalistic writing and may not be taught to follow the elements of a structure d history. His exact account leaves us facts and interesting fragments of his travels along the chronology of an important chapter of recent events. We are not approaching the modern age with our first few steps--we are in a journey towards scientific advancement and treating literary and journalistic pieces with a degree of control would relegate the writer's efforts into nothing but a sham. Ash was merely raising his ideas and account of the

Japanese Literature Essay Example | Topics and Well Written Essays - 750 words

Japanese Literature - Essay Example The four main principles of Keene help us in understanding the aesthetic appeal of Japanese literature more vividly. Aesthetics is a branch of philosophy that is related with the appreciation of things as they affect our physical senses and especially affecting in a pleasurable way. According to the first principle of Keene, which is suggestion, the Japanese artists and writers wanted to suggest things rather than expressing it completely. The writers never expressed a climax like in Western writing but gave an appealing beginning and end tot heir work without giving a proper reasoning. For example, the literary works about love does not describe much about the meeting of a man and women but explains about the yearning and longing in the minds of lover to meet each other. In the times of Kenko, the Japanese literature applied the principles of suggestion to great length .They tried to be imaginative and expressed the beauty of nature with single strokes of paining rather than filling up the canvas with colors. A second important characteristic of Japanese aesthetics is the element of irregularity .By this it means that, one cannot find uniformity in the artistic work of Japanese works. Japanese writers and artists believed that, uniformity spoiled the uniqueness of the work and also created disinterest in the person who is enjoying the writings or artistic work. The principle of irregularity implies that making a work irregular gives much space for the reader‘s to enhance their imaginative power .The incompleteness element of the literary works prompted the readers to long for completeness and for this they use their creative and imaginative power to a great extend. â€Å"The Japanese have been partial not only to incompleteness but to another variety of irregularity also called asymmetry. This is one respect in which they differ conspicuously from the Chinese and other peoples of Asia†(Keene,10). Simplicity is another principle of Keene which was highly reflected in the earlier works of Japanese literature. The poets and writers of ancient Japan believed in the simple beauty of nature which his subtle and serene. One of the poem which exemplifies the principle of Simplicity is the furu ike ya(the ancient Pond) kawazu tobikomu (A frog leaps in) mizu no oto (The sound of the water). Here the poet describe about the eternity of the pond as well as the sound which is created by frog as it jumps in water. This is such a simplified form of expressing the subtle beauty of nature which normal men forget to notice or perceive.Kenko is one writer who insisted on the element of simplicity and he claims that only wise men can be simple in his thoughts, expression and lifestyle. One another concept of simplicity in Japanese culture is the tea ceremony which is artistically carried out by Japanese since ages. Kenko believed that simplicity is sometimes more expensive than ornateness and is a luxury concealed in luxury. Last but not he lea st is the principle of perishability , where in the Japanese artists and writes saw the sadness evolved around the destructive aspect of nature. Persihability is that truth of life which

Global Strategic Management in the Business World Research Paper

Global Strategic Management in the Business World - Research Paper Example   One of the major myths prevailing in the organizational world until recent times was that if a company wishes to be a global corporation, it does need to locate in every continent or at least in American and European continents. However, such beliefs have been changed in recent times. It is illogical to argue that a company should invest even in unprofitable continents to know as an international company or global corporation. In order to become a global company, a company should invest only in profitable continents. â€Å"Global business consists of transactions that are devised and carried out across national borders to satisfy the objectives of individuals, companies, and organizations. These transactions take on various forms, which are often interrelated† (Czinkota, et al., 2004). However, it is not necessary that the business should be established in all continents to label it as a global business. For example, the majority of the American and European companies are currently trying to establish manufacturing units in India and China as a cost reduction strategy. It should be noted that India and China are the most heavily populated countries in the world at present and these countries have abundant skilled manpower. At the same time, the manpower shortage is a big problem in America and Europe. In other words, America and Europe are expensive labor-oriented regions whereas Asia is a cheap labor-oriented continent at present. Since the international market is heavily competitive, all companies are currently looking for the cost reduction strategies as far as manufacturing is concerned. It is impossible for American and European companies to manufacture goods in their own territories and compete effectively with Indian or Chinese companies in the international market. Therefore the majority of these companies are currently establishing manufacturing units in India or China. For example, Apple, Ford, BMW, Benz etc are some companies which have ma nufacturing units in India or China. In fact, these companies are manufacturing their products in India or China and exporting them to the overseas market. The Indian city of Bangalore is famous for outsourcing business. Plenty of American and European IT companies are currently operating in Bangalore in order to exploit the cheap labor and IT skills of the Indians. Microsoft and IBM like companies have business units in Bangalore. It is illogical to ask these companies to establish the business in Antarctica or Africa to achieve global status. Instead of globalization, modern companies are thinking about glocalization. â€Å"Glocalization encourages companies to â€Å"think global, act locally†, and they could do so by using the global brand while localizing certain elements of that brand in order to suit a particular country†(Luigi & Simona, n.d., p.1).

Architect Antonio Gaudi Essay Example for Free

Architect Antonio Gaudi Essay The work of Antonio Gaudi can be seen as visionary. Ahead of his time in many respects, it becomes clear when viewing his work that he influenced many of the great revolutionary artists of the early 21st century. The significance of his life-works as an artist and particularly as an architect reveals extraordinary contributions to the thought processes of the ‘Modernists’. Looking at some two of his architectural pieces, we can discover an entirely new meaning to architecture altogether. Antonio Gaudi displays many of the fantasy elements indicative of the Surrealist movement, although his work was categorised as Art Nouveau. His progression from Art Nouveau to near-Surrealist work can be seen in comparing the reasonably modest Palau Guell (1886-1890) to Casa Battlo (1906-1908). Palau Guell is a grand scale expression of extravagance which still has many of the attributes of Classicism. It is beautiful and decadent with every aspect of glamour and frivolity related to the Art Nouveau period. Gaudi, I feel has restrained his imagination in the sense that he has not indulged in the same fantasy world we see in his later works. The Palau Guell is almost a modern incantation of the ancient Greek and Roman Colloseums. Casa Battlo represents a rather unusual perspective of the artistic movement itself. The Casa Battlo in its design resembles more of a candy-castle than a functional building. The exterior of the building is scattered with ceramic designs that Gaudi had plastered into the facade. At face value this gives the viewer a sense of the ‘other world’, a place where children go in their dreams. This was in fact, in my opinion, the beginning of the Surrealist manifesto. Completely out of keeping with the original idea of architecture, Gaudi creates a building that not only performs a function but contributes to the aesthetic value of the surroundings into which it is placed. The roof of the Casa Battlo is covered in what appears to be scales, almost aquatic in its construction, but at the same time not intrusive. At this stage it is difficult to ascertain in ones own mind whether you like it or hate it. The balconies extending from the large bay-windows are also intricately carved and resemble to a degree, alien-like heads with large gaping eyes. The vision of Art Nouveau as outrageously decorative, embellished and facetious is clearly visible in this particular piece of Gaudi’s work. The exploration of the fantasy world gives it an uncanny feel of something out of the fairytale Hansel and Gretel and can make you fell uneasy. In the strict sense of the word ‘influence’, I can be certain that I see the predecessor to the Surrealist movement in Gaudi’s work. The idea of dreams rather than reality begins to emerge in his later work which is passionately infused with richly decorative mosaics and other ceramic artefacts. If one takes into account the impression Art Nouveau wanted to make, I think Gaudi surpassed it with the kind of architectural eloquence worthy of being called a ‘visionary’. Art Nouveau’s mantra of snubbing Classical rigidity was flouted by Gaudi and his contemporaries and led to the influence of architectural movements such as Bauhaus and sculptural artistic endeavours such as Tatlin, Dali and Leger. The previous attempts at breaking from traditional art as explored by the Impressionists served to fuel a more fertile mind in terms of the architecture of Gaudi. In Gaudi’s work we see the expression of the mind in tactile form. Looking at the features built around Guell Park, evidences of the movement into the exploration of colour in architecture is also visible. The water fountains are embellished with mosaic fish and other aquatic-like creatures that by some people’s standards would be described as ‘kitsch’. However, for me this fantasy world does exactly what it was intended to do: create a feeling of euphoria and joy. It is not functional beyond the aesthetic. Gaudi is ahead of his time.